C-reactive protein (CRP), a protein whose plasma concentrations are raised in infections and inflammatory states and in the presence of tissue damage or necrosis. It is seen to be higher in people with type 2 diabetes.

Unit 6,

Reference: Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (7th Edition, Kindle Edition) Oxford University Press 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0198836629, p1070

A calorie is a unit of measurement used to quantify the energy content of food and beverages. Specifically, it represents the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius (1°C) at atmospheric pressure.

Unit 2,

Reference:  Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (7th Edition, Kindle Edition) Oxford University Press 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0198836629, p1112

A blood drop sample is usually collected from a fingertip prick.

The equipment used in capillary blood glucose testing includes a lancet to prick the skin, a glucometer, and test strips. Glucometers have a range of features. Modern "smart" machines require a very small sample of blood (from 0.3 to 1 microL) and have Bluetooth capabilities that synchronize data with paired applications (apps) on smartphones. These machines and apps record data and provide trends in glucose measurements. Further, some apps also offer options to record diet, medications used, and type of physical activity undertaken, which may be helpful to the health care practitioner when managing the care plan for the client with diabetes.

Unit 4,

Reference: Mathew TK, Zubair M, Tadi P. Blood Glucose Monitoring. [Updated 2023 Apr 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555976/

Carbohydrates, often referred to as carbs, are one of the three primary macronutrients, along with proteins and fats, and they are a fundamental source of energy in the human diet. Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They exist in various forms, including sugars, starches, and fibres.

Unit 2,

Reference: Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (7th Edition, Kindle Edition) Oxford University Press 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0198836629, p1120

Cardiomyopathy is a term used to describe diseases of the heart muscle. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes weakened, enlarged, or rigid, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. This can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and other complications.

Unit 7,

Reference: Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary (9th ed) Oxford University Press 2015 ISBN-13: 9780199687817, p572

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a form of autonomic neuropathy that affects the nerves controlling the heart and blood vessels. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. When these nerves are damaged, it can lead to dysfunction in cardiovascular regulation.

Unit 7,

Reference: Williams SM, Eleftheriadou A, Alam U, Cuthbertson DJ, Wilding JPH. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes: A Narrative Review [published correction appears in Diabetes Ther. 2019 Dec;10(6):2023. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(6):1995-2021.

The chemical decomposition of complex substances by the body to form simpler ones, accompanies by the release of energy. The substances broken down include nutrients in food (carbohydrates, proteins etc as well as the body's storage products (such as glycogen).

Unit 2,

Reference: Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (7th Edition, Kindle Edition) Oxford University Press 2020 ISBN-13: 978-0198836629, p1136

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a powerful tool in helping people with diabetes achieve better glucose levels. Two types of CGM systems are currently available: real‐time (rtCGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), also called flash glucose monitoring, each of which measure glucose in the interstitial fluid. rtCGM systems measure glucose every few minutes and actively transmit data wirelessly from the sensor to a reader or smartphone app, whereas isCGM systems transmit data only when the user scans their sensor with a reader or smartphone app.

Unit 4,

Reference: Wilmot EG, Lumb A, Hammond P, et al. Time in range: A best practice guide for UK diabetes healthcare professionals in the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Diabet Med. 2021;38(1):e14433. 

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as Coronary heart disease (CHD) or ischaemic heart disease, is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing or blockage can reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to various cardiovascular problems.

Unit 1,

Reference: Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary (9th ed) Oxford University Press 2015 ISBN-13: 9780199687817, p1247 

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischaemic heart disease, is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing or blockage can reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to various cardiovascular problems.

Unit 1,

Reference: Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary (9th ed) Oxford University Press 2015 ISBN-13: 9780199687817, p1247